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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 56: e12693, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439700

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people worldwide, and special attention should be given to treatment because the available drugs have limitations, which can lead to low therapeutic adherence and parasitic resistance. This study evaluated the activity of the bioactive naphthoquinones, lapachol and β-lapachone, against Leishmania amazonensis. The cell alterations were evaluated in vitro on promastigote and amastigote forms. The lethal dose (LD50) at 24, 48, and 72 h on the promastigote's forms using lapachol was 75.60, 72.82, and 58.85 μg/mL and for β-lapachone was 0.65, 1.24, and 0.71 μg/mL, respectively. The naphthoquinones significantly inhibited the survival rate of L. amazonensis amastigotes at 83.11, 57.59, and 34.95% for lapachol (82.28, 41.14, and 20.57 µg/mL), and 78.49, 83.25, and 80.22% for β-lapachone (3.26, 1.63, and 0.815 µg/mL). The compounds on the promastigote's forms led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, induced changes in the integrity of the membrane, caused damage to cells suggestive of the apoptotic process, and showed inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 production. The results showed that these naphthoquinones are promising candidates for research on new drugs with anti-Leishmania activity derived from natural products.

2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(3): 791-796, May-June 2019. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1011303

ABSTRACT

In this essay, we quantify the concentration of collagen fibers in broiler chickens exposed to increasing concentrations of cupuacu seed by-product. Collection of material was carried out in five chickens per treatment at 70 days old in the groups: control, 5% and 10% inclusion of cupuacu seed by-product. Fragments of Thoracic Pectoralis (PT) and Iliotibial lateralis (ITL) muscles were prepared for light and electronic microscopy. The amount of collagen fibers in the muscle groups was 1.08±0.61% in the PTC group; 6.24±2.58% in PT5% and 7.30±2.75% in PT10%. In the Iliotibial Lateralis groups, the results were 6.96±3.14% in the ITLC; 7.43±4.22% in the ITL5% and 8.66±2.35% in ITL10%. The amount of collagen fibers in the ITL5% and ITL10% groups showed no significant statistical difference. However, when compared to the ILTC group, there was a significant statistical difference. The PT muscle responds to standard nutritional changes, unlike the ILT muscle, which requires a high-nutrient formulation. The use of 5% cupuacu seed by-product has proven to be a viable alternative source of animal feed, as it promotes an increase in the concentrations of collagen fibers in the musculature of broiler chickens and is possibly the determining factor in meat texture.(AU)


Neste estudo, foram quantificadas as concentrações de fibras colágenas de frangos expostos a crescentes concentrações de farinha de cupuaçu. A coleta de material foi realizada em cinco animais por tratamento, aos 70 dias de idade, nos grupos: controle, inclusão de 5% e de 10% de farinha de cupuaçu. Fragmentos dos músculos peitoral torácico (PT) e iliotibial lateral (ITL) foram preparados para microscopia de luz e eletrônica. A quantidade de fibras colágenas nos grupos foi: 1,08±0,61% no grupo PTC; 6,24±2,58% em PT5% e 7,30±2,75% em PT10%. Nos grupos iliotibial lateral, os resultados foram: 6,96±3,14% no ITLC; 7,43±4,22% no ITL5% e 8,66±2,35% em ITL10%. A quantidade de fibras colágenas nos grupos ITL5% e ITL10% não apresentou diferença estatística significativa. No entanto, quando comparados ao grupo ILTC, houve diferença estatística significativa. O músculo PT responde a mudanças nutricionais padrão, ao contrário do músculo ILT, que requer alta formulação nutricional. O uso de 5% de farinha de cupuaçu provou ser uma fonte alternativa viável de alimentação animal, pois promove um aumento nas concentrações de fibras de colágeno na musculatura de frangos de corte e é possivelmente um fator determinante na textura da carne.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Collagen/agonists , Procollagen/agonists , Diet/veterinary , Animal Feed , Meat/analysis , Chickens
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(1): 349-352, jan.-fev. 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1038585

ABSTRACT

Este estudo objetiva reportar a ocorrência de apoptose in vivo induzida pelo veneno da serpente Bothrops alternatus em células musculares esqueléticas. Cinco coelhos machos, adultos, receberam 150µg/kg de veneno no músculo vasto lateral, enquanto outros cinco animais receberam 0,1% de BSA diluído em PBS no mesmo local. Após 12 horas, os animais foram eutanasiados, e amostras do local de inoculação foram coletadas para análise histopatológica. Foram evidenciadas necrose e hemorragia nas células musculares. Além disso, a análise imuno-histoquímica para identificação de caspase-3 ativada revelou marcações granulares e agregadas no citoplasma das células musculares, compatíveis com o processo de apoptose. Este é o primeiro relato que confirma o veneno de B. alternatus como causador de apoptose in vivo em células musculares esqueléticas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Apoptosis/drug effects , Bothrops , Crotalid Venoms/poisoning , Muscles/physiopathology
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(9): e7552, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951753

ABSTRACT

Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is habitually ingested by people in the Amazon region and is a key ingredient in various energy drinks consumed worldwide. Extension in longevity and low prevalence of chronic age-related diseases have been associated to habitual intake of guarana. Anti-aging potential of guarana was also demonstrated in Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the mechanisms involved in its effects are not clear. Herein, we investigated the putative pathways that regulate the effects of guarana ethanolic extract (GEE) on lifespan using C. elegans. The major known longevity pathways were analyzed through mutant worms and RT-qPCR assay (DAF-2, DAF-16, SKN-1, SIR-2.1, HSF-1). The possible involvement of purinergic signaling was also investigated. This study demonstrated that GEE acts through antioxidant activity, DAF-16, HSF-1, and SKN-1 pathways, and human adenosine receptor ortholog (ADOR-1) to extend lifespan. GEE also downregulated skn-1, daf-16, sir-2.1 and hsp-16.2 in 9-day-old C. elegans, which might reflect less need to activate these protective genes due to direct antioxidant effects. Our results contribute to the comprehension of guarana effects in vivo, which might be helpful to prevent or treat aging-associated disorders, and also suggest purinergic signaling as a plausible therapeutic target for longevity studies.


Subject(s)
Animals , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Caenorhabditis elegans/drug effects , Paullinia/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Time Factors , Aging/drug effects , Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Longevity/drug effects , Antioxidants/isolation & purification
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(3): 718-725, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785043

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to model the habitat suitability for an invasive clam Corbicula fluminea in a coastal shallow lagoon in the southern Neotropical region (–30.22, –50.55). The lagoon (19km2, maximum deep 2.5m) was sampled with an Ekman dredge in an orthogonal matrix comprising 84 points. At each sampling point, were obtained environmental descriptors as depth, organic matter content (OMC), average granulometry (Avgran), and the percentage of sand (Pcsand). Prediction performance of Generalized Linear Models (GLM), Generalized Additive Models (GAM) and Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) were compared. Also, niche overlapping with other native clam species (Castalia martensi, Neocorbicula limosa and Anodontites trapesialis) was examined. A BRT model with 1400 trees was selected as the best model, with cross-validated correlation of 0.82. The relative contributions of predictors were Pcsand-42.6%, OMC-35.8%, Avgran-10.9% and Depth-10.8%. Were identified that C. fluminea occur mainly in sandy sediments with few organic matter, in shallow areas nor by the shore. The PCA showed a wide niche overlap with the native clam species C. martensi, N. limosa and A. trapesialis.


Resumo O objetivo de deste estudo foi modelar a adequabilidade de habitat do bivalve invasor Corbicula fluminea em uma lagoa costeira na região Neotropical (–30.22, –50.55). A lagoa (19km2, 2,5 m de profundidade máxima) foi amostrada com uma draga Ekman em uma matriz ortogonal compreendendo 84 pontos. Em cada ponto de amostragem foram obtidos descritores ambientais como a profundidade, teor de matéria orgânica (OMC), granulometria média (Avgran), e a percentagem de areia (Pcsand). O poder preditivo dos métodos Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLM), Modelos Aditivos Generalizados (GAM) e Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) foram comparados. Além disso, a sobreposição de nicho com espécies de moluscos nativos (Castalia martensi, Neocorbicula limosa e Anodontites trapesialis) foi examinada. Um modelo BRT com 1.400 árvores foi selecionado como o melhor modelo, com correlação da validação cruzada de 0,82. As contribuições relativas dos preditores foram Pcsand-42,6%, OMC-35,8%, Avgran-10,9% e profundidade-10,8%. Foi demonstrado que C. fluminea está associada a sedimentos arenosos com pouca matéria orgânica, em áreas rasas próximo às margens. A PCA mostrou uma ampla sobreposição de nicho com as espécies de moluscos nativos C. martensi, N. limosa e A. trapesialis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Corbicula , Introduced Species/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Population Dynamics , Environmental Monitoring , Population Density , Models, Theoretical
6.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(2): 477-483, 05/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-749690

ABSTRACT

Regnellidium diphyllum Lindm. is a heterosporous fern which grows in shallow waters and wetlands, and water pollution contributes to its vulnerability. Environmental lead contamination is mostly caused by industrial and agricultural residues as well as domestic sewage. Given its persistence in the environment, lead can cause important toxicity in living organisms. Megaspore germination and the initial growth of R. diphyllum sporophytes were assessed in Meyer's solution with lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 5, 10 and 50 mg L–1. The study was conducted in a growth chamber at 25±1°C and a 12 hour photoperiod with a nominal irradiance of 100 μmol m–2 s–1, for 28 days. Lead concentration in sporophytes was assessed using atomic absorption spectrometry. In the absence of lead, 74% of spores germinated, while significantly lower germination percentages were observed in Pb(NO3)2 concentrations of 1, 10 and 50 mg L–1. The presence of lead did not significantly influence root growth. At 28 days, primary leaf development was significantly lower in Pb(NO3)2 concentrations of 5 mg L–1 and higher in relation to the control. The length of secondary leaves did not significantly differ between sporophytes exposed to different concentrations of lead and those of the control at 28 days. Sporophytes exposed to 10 and 50 mg L–1 Pb(NO3)2 accumulated 1129 mg kg–1 and 5145 mg kg–1 of Pb, respectively. The presence of high levels of lead in R. diphyllum sporophytes did not prevent initial development. Future studies should investigate the ability of the species to accumulate and tolerate high levels of lead in advanced stages of its development and in environmental conditions.


Regnellidium diphyllum Lindm. é uma samambaia heterosporada que se desenvolve em águas rasas ou em solos úmidos, sendo que a poluição da água contribui para sua vulnerabilidade. A contaminação ambiental por chumbo ocorre principalmente por resíduos industriais e agrícolas, bem como por efluentes domésticos. Devido à sua persistência no ambiente, esse metal pode apresentar importante toxicidade aos organismos vivos. A germinação de megásporos e o desenvolvimento inicial de esporófitos de R. diphyllum foram avaliados em solução de Meyer com concentrações de 0 (controle), 1, 5, 10 e 50 mg L–1 de nitrato de chumbo (Pb(NO3)2). O estudo foi conduzido em câmara de germinação a 25±1 °C e fotoperíodo de 12 horas sob irradiância nominal de 100 μmol m–2 s–1, por 28 dias. A concentração de chumbo em esporófitos foi analisada por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Na ausência de chumbo, 74% dos esporos germinaram, enquanto que porcentagens de germinação significantemente menores foram observadas nas concentrações de 1, 10 e 50 mg L–1 de Pb(NO3)2. A presença de chumbo não influenciou significativamente o crescimento das raízes. O desenvolvimento das folhas primárias foi significativamente menor em relação ao controle a partir de 5 mg L–1 de Pb(NO3)2 aos 28 dias. O comprimento das folhas secundárias não diferiu significativamente entre esporófitos expostos às diferentes concentrações de chumbo e aqueles do controle, aos 28 dias. Esporófitos expostos a 10 e 50 mg L–1 de Pb(NO3)2 acumularam 1129 mg kg–1 e 5145 mg kg–1 de Pb, respectivamente. A presença de altas concentrações de chumbo nos esporófitos de R. diphyllum não impediu seu desenvolvimento inicial. Estudos futuros deverão investigar a capacidade de a espécie acumular e tolerar altas concentrações de chumbo em estádios avançados de desenvolvimento e também em condições ambientais.


Subject(s)
Germination/drug effects , Lead/toxicity , Marsileaceae/drug effects , Spores/drug effects , Marsileaceae/growth & development , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Spores/growth & development
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(1): 171-180, fev. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-667553

ABSTRACT

A proposta com este trabalho foi avaliar a hemiarcada superior direita de gatos domésticos por meio de técnicas radiográficas odontológicas do paralelismo, empregando-se filmes intraorais aos posicionadores de Han Shin. As imagens obtidas por essa metodologia foram correlacionadas com as técnicas radiográficas convencionais (extraorais), com o intuito de se estabelecerem vantagens ou desvantagens para detectar possíveis afecções dentais e periodontais. Foram utilizados 30 gatos, sem raça definida, 17 machos e 13 fêmeas, faixa etária entre um e três anos, confinados em gatis do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras/MG. Com os animais sob anestesia geral, foram realizadas radiografias da hemiarcada superior direita, incluindo três incisivos, um canino, três pré-molares e um molar em radiografias intraorais e extraorais. As imagens radiográficas foram analisadas e efetuaram-se comparações qualitativas entre pares intraorais e convencionais dos mesmos animais. Para se estabelecer a técnica radiográfica dental mais bem adaptada, foram realizadas análises estatísticas pelo teste de McNemar (qui-quadrado modificado). A técnica intraoral mostrou ser superior à extraoral (P<0,05), para achados referentes a espaço periodontal aumentado, canal radicular amplo e arredondamento de ápice, e também para a avaliação mais bem detalhada de dentes caninos, pré-molares e molares em gatos.


The aim of this research was to evaluate the right maxilla hemiarcade of cats through parallel dental radiographic techniques, applying Han Shin intraoral film positioner. Images obtained with this method were correlated with conventional radiographic techniques (extraoral). The goal was to establish the advantages and disadvantages to detect possible dental and periodontal diseases. Thirty mixed breed cats were evaluated, 17 males and 13 females, ages one to three years old, confined in catteries in the Department of Zootecnia of the Federal University of Lavras/MG. Radiographies of the right maxilla were taken with the animals under general anesthesia, and three incisors, one canine, three premolars and one molar teeth were included in the intraoral and extraoral images. The radiographic images were analyzed and a qualitative comparison of pairs of intraoral and conventional images from the same animals was achieved. To establish the dental image procedures that were better adapted for cats, the McNemar Test (Modified Qui-Square) was used for statistical analysis. The intraoral technique was superior than the extra oral (P<0,05), for findings relating to increased periodontal space, broad root canal and rounded apex, and also for a more detailed evaluation of canine, premolar and molar teeth in cats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cats/anatomy & histology , Dentistry/veterinary , Radiography , Radiography/veterinary
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 64(6): 1427-1435, Dec. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660206

ABSTRACT

Foram obtidas estimativas de variância fenotípica, genética e residual, herdabilidades e correlações genéticas para as características reprodutivas em 5.903 animais da raça Nelore. O modelo experimental utilizado foi o método de máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivadas. Os valores de herdabilidade foram de 0,24±0,05 para perímetro escrotal aos 450 dias de idade e de 0,37±0,05 aos 21 meses de idade, na ocasião do exame andrológico; de 0,24±0,05 e 0,26±0,05 para comprimento dos testículos esquerdo e direito; de 0,29±0,05 e 0,31±0,05 para largura dos testículos esquerdo e direito; de 0,12±0,04 para formato testicular; de 0,33±0,06 para volume testicular; de 0,11±0,03 para turbilhonamento; de 0,08±0,03 para motilidade e de 0,05±0,02 para vigor espermático; de 0,20±0,04, 0,03±0,02 e 0,19±0,04 para defeitos espermáticos maiores, menores e totais, respectivamente. As características biométricas testiculares apresentaram valores de herdabilidade moderados a altos, enquanto as características seminais valores baixos. Correlações genéticas entre perímetro escrotal com todas as características reprodutivas foram favoráveis, o que sugere o perímetro escrotal como característica de escolha na seleção de touros.


Estimates of phenotypic, genetics and residual variances for reproductive traits in 5903 Nellore bulls were obtained. The experimental model used was multiple trait derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood. The values obtained for heritability were 0.24±0.05 for scrotal circumference at 450 days of age and 0.37±0.05 at 21 months for age at the time of the breeding soundness evaluation; 0.24±0.05 and 0.26±0.05 for left and right testicle length; 0.29±0.05 and 0.31±0.05 for left and right testicle width; 0.12±0.04 for testicle format; 0.33±0.06 for testicle volume; 0.11±0.03 for gross motility; 0.08±0.03 for individual motility and 0.05±0.02 for spermatic vigor; 0.20±0.04, 0.03±0.02 and 0.19±0.04 for larger defects, smaller defects and total defects, respectively. The values for heritability for testicular biometric characteristics were moderate to high while the seminal characteristics, presented low values. Genetic correlations between scrotal circumference with all the reproductive traits were favorable, suggesting the scrotal circumference as a feature of choice in the selection of bulls.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Andrology , Genetic Enhancement , Genetic Fitness , Reproductive Behavior , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Phenotype , Selection, Genetic/physiology , Selection, Genetic/genetics
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 62(5): 1109-1116, out. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570469

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da suplementação de dois tipos de probióticos para cães filhotes da raça Beagle, que receberam dois tipos de dieta de alta e baixa qualidade, sobre os achados em exames de diagnóstico por imagem. Foram utilizados 18 cães filhotes da raça Beagle, distribuídos em três tratamentos inteiramente ao acaso: tratamento 1, controle (ração); tratamento 2, ração com probiótico 1 (Bifidobacterium); e tratamento 3, ração com probiótico 2 (Lactobacillus). O experimento foi dividido em duas fases, cada uma caracterizada pela mudança da dieta de qualidades diferentes. Ao exame ultrassonográfico, foi avaliada a espessura da parede gastrintestinal, e ao radiográfico, a presença de gás em alças intestinais e o espessamento da parede. Observou-se aumento da espessura da parede das alças intestinais (P<0,05), nos animais dos grupos tratados com probiótico 1 e 2 (5,74mm e 6,01mm, respectivamente) em relação aos do grupo-controle (5,03mm). O uso de probióticos não influenciou a produção de gás intestinal. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos quanto ao escore de gás intestinal. A avaliação quantitativa permitiu a determinação de um escore de gás intestinal, de forma não invasiva, por meio do software Image J®. Concluiu-se que o diagnóstico por imagem sustenta a recomendação dessa metodologia como ferramenta auxiliar na avaliação nutricional de dietas para cães.


The effects of supplementation with types of probiotics for beagle puppies that received high and low quality diets on the findings of imaging techniques were evaluaded. Eighteen animals were distributed in three randomized treatments: 1, control (diet), 2, diet with a probiotic (Bifidobacterium), and 3, diet with another probiotic (Lactobacillus). The experiment was divided into two phases each characterized by a change of diet. By ultrasonography, the thickness of the gastrointestinal wall was evaluated as well the presence of gas in the bowel and thickening of the wall by radiography. There was an increase in the thickness of the intestinal wall (P <0.05) in animals treated with probiotic, groups 1 and 2, ((5,74mm and 6,01mm, respectively) compared to the control group (5,03mm). The use of probiotics did not influence the production of intestinal gas. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed among treatments for scores of intestinal gas. The quantitative analysis allowed the determination of a score of intestinal gas, noninvasively, using the software Image J ®. It was concluded that the imaging technique supports the recommendation of this method as an auxiliary tool in nutritional assessment of diets for dogs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Diagnostic Imaging/veterinary , Intestines , Intestines , Nutrition Assessment , Animal Feed , Dietary Supplements , Dogs , Probiotics
10.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 16(2): 241-252, 2010. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548847

ABSTRACT

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) was investigated in dogs from an urban endemic area in Cianorte, Paraná state, Brazil. Of 169 studied dogs, none presented suspected ACL lesions. Eleven animals (6.6 percent) had anti-Leishmania braziliensis antibodies (titers > 40) detected by the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) while four (2.4 percent) showed L. braziliensis-complex DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although no associations were found between IFAT or PCR results and age, sex, origin, free-roaming animals or length of residence at the address, the majority of IFAT- or PCR-positive dogs were from the urban area of the city and were allowed to roam freely beyond their neighborhood. The presence of anti-Leishmania braziliensis antibodies and L. braziliensis-complex DNA in dogs from this urban area near a native-forest park indicates the importance of following up on these dogs to confirm the ACL diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Urban Area , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct/methods
11.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 16(1): 170-177, 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-542427

ABSTRACT

In American cutaneous leishmaniasis, the initial infection phase is characterized by recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes. The migration of these cells in response to the presence of Leishmania in the peritoneum of affected animals remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate cell migration to the peritoneum of BALB/c mice after infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) major. Initially, Leishmania spp. was intraperitoneally inoculated in five groups of six animals each and the cell migration was analyzed 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after infection. Different cell counts were performed with a staining kit and showed a higher percentage of polymorphonuclear than mononuclear cells in all three species studied. The total cell count revealed peak migration in L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (L.) major at six hours, and in L. (V.) braziliensis at 12 hours. These results suggest that factors released from different cell types probably act by attracting polymorphonuclear cells, with the peak migration most likely depending on the species of Leishmania inoculated into the host.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cell Movement , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania major , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Peritoneal Cavity
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 61(3): 561-565, jun. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519446

ABSTRACT

Investigou-se a infecção por parasitas do complexo Leishmania braziliensis em 50 cães da cidade de Maringá, PR, onde ocorreram casos humanos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA), entre agosto e dezembro de 2006. Os casos humanos de LTA ocorreram nos anos de 2003 a 2004. Nenhum animal apresentou lesão, mas 12 (24,0 por cento) tinham sorologia e/ou PCR positivas, e a positividade tanto da IFI como da PCR foi de 14,0 por cento. Trinta e cinco animais eram de residências, e oito deles (22,8 por cento) tiveram testes laboratoriais para LTA positivos. Os outros 15 eram cães errantes, sendo que quatro deles (26,7 por cento) apresentaram PCR positiva. A presença de animais com infecção assintomática por Leishmania em área onde a LTA é endêmica pode ser um indicador do potencial de sua transmissão para o homem e uma referência para a implantação de medidas de controle e prevenção da doença.


The infection by Leishmania braziliensis complex was studied in 50 dogs from Maringá, PR, where American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in humans have been detected. Data were collected from August to December 2006 in an area in which ACL cases in humans were reported from 2003 to 2004. Indirect immunofluorescent test (IIF) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied. No lesions were found in the animals, although 12 (24.0 percent) had positive IIF and/or PCR. Positiveness was 14.0 percent for IIF and PCR. Lab tests showed that eight (22.8 percent) out of the 35 home animals were ACL positive. The other 15 animals were stray dogs, out of which four (26.7 percent) were PCR positive. The appearance of asymptomatic Leishmania-infected dogs in an ACL endemic area may be an indicator of ACL transmission potential for humans and a reference for the establishment of control measures and disease prevention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Dogs , Leishmania braziliensis/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Protozoan Infections , Brazil/epidemiology
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 61(3): 682-690, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519463

ABSTRACT

O alto polimorfismo encontrado no lócus do gene da αS1-caseína em caprinos, classificado em quatro níveis de expressão - alto, médio, baixo e nulo -, está associado à produção de 3,6; 1,6; 0,6 e 0g/L/alelo, respectivamente. O estudo foi realizado para investigar possíveis variações na produção de leite e seus constituintes, no perfil de caseínas e na lipólise da gordura. Quarenta e quatro cabras foram distribuídas em cinco genótipos: dois homozigotos, um para alta (AA) e outro para produção intermediária (EE), e três heterozigotos chamados AE, AF e EF, para αs1-caseína. Para a lipólise, o leite foi subamostrado em quatro alíquotas que sofreram tratamento térmico no momento da ordenha e após 24h de resfriamento. Diferenças entre genótipos foram observadas para a produção de caseína e de suas frações. As demais variáveis não diferiram entre genótipos. O genótipo AA apresentou os maiores conteúdos de caseína (28,6g/L) e de αS1-cn (22,3 por cento). Os demais genótipos apresentaram média de 20,4g/L. Os grupos AE e AF apresentaram média de 12,1, EE-10,1 e EF-9,1 por cento de αS1-cn. O resfriamento do leite por 24 horas aumentou a taxa de lipólise no leite. A genotipagem das cabras para αS1-cn pode ser usada como ferramenta de seleção com objetivo de obter produtos lácteos com distintos perfis de proteínas.


A high polymorphism is found in the locus of goat αS1-casein gene and it is classified in four levels of expression, named high, medium, and low, associated with production of 3.6, 1.6, 0.6, and 0 g/L/allele, respectively. The study was conducted to investigate possible variations on milk yield and components, profile of casein, and lipolysis of fat. Forty-four goats were assigned to five distinct genotypes as two homozygous, one for high (AA) and the other for intermediate yield (EE); and three heterozygous named AE, AF, and EF for the αs1-casein. For lipolysis, milk was sampled in four aliquots which were treated soon after milking and 24 hours after cooling. Differences were observed for both casein yield and its fractions. No difference was found for other variables. The AA genotype presented the higher content of both casein (28.6g/L) and αS1-cn (22.3 percent). Other genotypes averaged 20.4g/L for casein content. Values of αS1-cn were 12.1 percent for heterozygous and 10.1 and 9.1 percent for both EE and EF genotype respectively. Cooling the milk for 24 hours increased the rate of lipolysis. Genotyping goats for the αS1-cn can be used as a tool for selecting animal targeting milk products with distinct profiles of proteins.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Caseins/analysis , Lipolysis , Milk/chemistry , Polymorphism, Genetic , Genotype , Goats
14.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 15(4): 732-744, 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-532756

ABSTRACT

Leishmania sp. infection was investigated in wild animals from the Ingá Park, in the municipality of Maringá, Paraná state, Brazil, where American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is an endemic disease. Sixty-five mammals, comprising Didelphis albiventris, Cerdocyon thous, Lycalopex vetulus, Cebus apella, Dasyprocta azarae, Dasypus novemcinctus, Procyon cancrivorus and Nasua nasua, were captured. Blood samples were collected for parasite cultivation. Antibodies were investigated by direct agglutination test (DAT) using Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis as antigen. Flagellates were observed in blood cultures of 14 (35.9 percent) Didelphis albiventris. Anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected in 31 (51.6 percent) specimens of Cerdocyon thous, Lycalopex vetulus, Cebus apella, Dasyprocta azarae, Procyon cancrivorus and Nasua nasua. These results suggest that Cerdocyon thous and Lycalopex vetulus (crab-eating fox), Cebus apella (capuchin monkey), Dasyprocta azarae (agouti), Procyon cancrivorus (crab-eating raccoon) and Nasua nasua (coati) play an important role in the ACL transmission cycle in the northwestern region of Paraná, Brazil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Animals, Wild , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Psychological Tests
15.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-536689

ABSTRACT

No Estado do Paraná, a primeira notificação de leishmaniose tegumentar americana ocorreu em 1917 e a partir de 1980 observou-se um aumento do número de casos, mantendo-se endêmica e acometendo pessoas de todas as faixas etárias e em ambos os sexos. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento epidemiológico sobre a ocorrência de LTA em pacientes atendidos no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (LEPAC/UEM). Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo em base de dados secundário de 1986 a 2005, com 1656 pacientes segundo as variáveis: sexo, idade, ocupação, procedência, local de moradia, forma clínica e diagnóstico. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (72,6%) e adquiriu a infecção no Estado do Paraná (97,8%), residia em área urbana (64,3%) dos quais 51,3% adquiriu a infecção durante atividades de lazer. O diagnóstico da maioria dos pacientes foi estabelecido nos dois primeiros meses de evolução das lesões (54,0%) e apresentando a forma cutânea da doença (88,9%). Uma parcela (34,4%) significativa dos pacientes que residiam em área rural adquiriu a infecção no domicílio ou peridomicílio. O estudo mostra a predominância da forma cutânea da leishmaniose tegumentar americana e sugere a atividade de lazer e o ambiente do domicilio como fatores preditivos importantes para a infecção.


The first notification of American cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LTA) in the state of Paraná, Brazil, occurred in 1917 and an increasing number of cases has been reported since 1980. This parasitic skin disease, spread by the bite of infected sandflies, is still an endemic problem, with recurrence in both sexes and in all age groups. The objective of this study was to perform a survey on the occurrence of American cutaneous Leishmaniasis in patients attended at the Teaching and Research Clinical Analysis laboratory at the State University of Maringá (LEPAC/UEM). A retrospective and descriptive study was carried out, based on secondary data (1986-2005) on 1656 patients, relating to their sex, age and occupation and the origin, clinical forms and positive diagnosis of the disease. Most of the patients were male (72.6%), lived in the urban area (64.3%) and acquired the infection during outdoor leisure activities (51.3%) in the State of Paraná (97.8%). The cutaneous form of the infection predominated (88.9%) and the diagnosis was made in the first two months of development of the lesions (54.0%). A significant part (34.4%) of the patients who lived in the rural area acquired the infection inside or close to their homes. The study shows the predominance of the cutaneous form of American cutaneous Leishmaniasis and suggests that leisure activity and housing conditions could be useful predictive factors for the infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology
16.
Rio de Janeiro; INCA; 2009. graf.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-932645

ABSTRACT

Betaterapia é uma modalidade terapêutica no arsenal de possibilidades da radioterapia em doenças benignas. Entretanto, pouco se conhece de sua prátic no Brasil. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Keloid , Radiotherapy
17.
Braz. j. biol ; 68(4): 695-701, Nov. 2008. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-504486

ABSTRACT

Benthic macroinvertebrates constitute the link between organic matter input in streams and fishes. However, the possibility of influence of predators on the invertebrates is still a controversial issue. The possibility of alteration of the benthic community by the modification in predation in a stream in the South of Brazil was studied by means of an exclusion experiment under semi-natural conditions. The exclusion showed an increase in the abundance of Plecoptera in the river where the rainbow trout was introduced, the larvae of Trichoptera also increased in abundance in the units of fish exclusion. This difference does not confirm the pressure applied by the trout on the benthic macro fauna due to differences in ichthyofauna and in the habitat of both rivers. Nevertheless, it points to the need for the development of studies concerning the trophic relations and the possible effects of this introduction in the aquatic biota.


Os macroinvertebrados bentônicos exercem a ligação entre a entrada de matéria orgânica nos rios e os peixes. Porém, a possibilidade de influência dos predadores sobre os invertebrados é uma questão ainda controversa. A possibilidade de alteração da comunidade bentônica, pela modificação na predação em um rio no sul do Brasil, foi estudada através de um experimento de exclusão em condições seminaturais. A exclusão resultou no aumento na abundância de Plecoptera no rio onde é feita a introdução de truta arco-íris; as larvas de Trichoptera também aumentaram em abundância nas unidades onde se efetuou a exclusão. Essa diferença não pode ser atribuída à presença das trutas, devido às diferenças na ictiofauna e de habitat dos dois rios. Entretanto mostra a necessidade de desenvolvimento de estudos acerca das relações tróficas e possíveis efeitos desta introdução sobre a biota aquática


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Fishes/physiology , Invertebrates/physiology , Predatory Behavior/physiology , Brazil , Oncorhynchus mykiss/physiology , Population Dynamics , Rivers
18.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(4): 832-836, ago. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-489824

ABSTRACT

Uma cadela da raça Yorkshire Terrier apresentou hematêmese, distensão abdominal, poliúria e polidipsia. Após o exame clínico do paciente, estabeleceu-se a suspeita clínica de nefropatia. Os resultados dos exames laboratoriais revelaram anemia normocítica normocrômica e concentrações séricas de uréia (306mg/dl) e de creatinina (3,6mg/dl) acima dos valores de referência. Ao ultra-som bidimensional observaram-se áreas císticas hipoecóicas e anecóicas, padrão renal hipercogênico e perda da relação corticomedular. À necropsia, a região medular apresentou grande quantidade de cistos pequenos em meio a tecido conjuntivo fibroso. A lesão tubulointersticial cortical foi a responsável pela insuficiência renal resultante. Firmou-se diagnóstico de nefrite tubulointersticial.


A Yorkshire Terrier bitch presented hematemesis, abdominal distention, poliuria, and polidipsia. After clinical examination, it was established a clinical suspect of nephropathy. The complementary exams showed normochromic and normocytic anemia and serum concentrations of ureia (306mg/dl) and creatinine (3.6mg/dl) above the references values. At two-dimensional ultrasound hipoechoic and anechoic cystic areas were observed, as well as hiperechogenic renal pattern and corticomedullary ratio loss. At necropsy, the medullary region presented many small cysts in a fibrous connective tissue. Cortical tubulointesticial lesion was responsible to the resulting renal failure. It was established a tubulointersticial nephritis diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Kidney Diseases, Cystic/veterinary , Urinary Bladder Diseases/veterinary , Nephritis/veterinary
19.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 40(11): 1441-1446, Nov. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-464313

ABSTRACT

The C/T-13910 mutation is the major factor responsible for the persistence of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LCT) gene expression. Mutation G/A-22018 appears to be only in co-segregation with C/T-13910. The objective of the present study was to assess the presence of these two mutations in Brazilian individuals with and without lactose malabsorption diagnosed by the hydrogen breath test (HBT). Ten milk-tolerant and 10 milk-intolerant individuals underwent the HBT after oral ingestion of 50 g lactose (equivalent to 1 L of milk). Analyses for C/T-13910 and G/A-22018 mutations were performed using a PCR-based method. Primers were designed for this study based on the GenBank sequence. The CT/GA, CT/AA, and TT/AA genotypes (lactase persistence) were found in 10 individuals with negative HBT. The CC/GG genotype (lactase non-persistence) was found in 10 individuals, 9 of them with positive HBT results. There was a significant agreement between the presence of mutations in the LCT gene promoter and HBT results (kappa = -0.9, P < 0.001). The CT/AA genotype has not been described previously and seems to be related to lactase persistence. The present study showed a significant agreement between the occurrence of mutations G/A-22018 and C/T-13910 and lactose absorption in Brazilian subjects, suggesting that the molecular test used here could be proposed for the laboratory diagnosis of adult-type primary hypolactasia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lactase-Phlorizin Hydrolase/genetics , Lactose Intolerance/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Brazil , Breath Tests/methods , Case-Control Studies , Genotype , Hydrogen/analysis , Lactose Intolerance/diagnosis , Lactose Intolerance/enzymology , Polymerase Chain Reaction
20.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 58(6): 1001-1008, dez. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-455041

ABSTRACT

Estudaram-se 92 cães errantes com o objetivo de comparar a imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) e a aglutinação direta (AD) na investigação da leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) canina, no período de outubro de 1999 a novembro de 2001. Os animais foram examinados quanto à presença de lesões e submetidos à intradermorreação de Montenegro (IDRM) e à pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Leishmania por IFI e AD. A IFI apresentou sensibilidade de 78,9 por cento e especificidade de 93,8 por cento (título >40), e a AD sensibilidade de 57,9 por cento e especificidade de 68,8 por cento (título >80). Dois cães apresentavam lesão, mas a pesquisa do parasito foi negativa. A IDRM, realizada em 89 cães, foi positiva em três (3,4 por cento). Trinta e quatro cães (37,0 por cento) foram positivos para a IFI, 61 (66,3 por cento) para a AD e 69 (75,0 por cento) para a IFI e/ou a AD. Dos cães com a IFI positiva, sete eram de Floresta, 13 de Maringá, 12 de Leópolis, um de São Jorge do Ivaí e um (50,0 por cento) de Campo Mourão. Os resultados sugerem o contato prévio desses animais com o parasito.


Ninety-two stray dogs were studied in order to compare indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and direct agglutination (DA) in the investigation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), from October 1999 to November 2001. The dogs were evaluated for the presence of lesions, and submitted to the Montenegro skin test (MST) and the search for anti-Leishmania antibodies by IIF and DA. IIF showed 78.9 percent sensitivity and 93.8 percent specificity (titers >40), and DA presented 57.9 percent sensitivity and 68.8 percent specificity (titers >80). In two dogs there were lesions, but the parasite was not detected. The MST was positive in 3 (3.4 percent) out of 89 dogs. Thirty-four (37.0 percent) dogs showed anti-Leishmania antibodies through IIF, 61 (66.3 percent) through DA, and 69 (75.0 percent) through IIF and/or DA. Of the dogs with positive IIF, 7 came from the municipal areas of Floresta, 13 of Maringá, 12 of Leópolis, 1 of São Jorge do Ivaí and 1 (50.0 percent) of Campo Mourão. These data suggest previous contact of these animals with the parasite.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/methods , Agglutination Tests/methods
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